ACA
Affordable Care Act — federal law requiring employers with 50+ full-time employees to offer health coverage.
The Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as Obamacare, is a comprehensive federal health care reform law enacted in 2010. For employers, the most significant ACA provision is the Employer Shared Responsibility (ESR) requirement, also called the "employer mandate."
Applicable Large Employers (ALEs) — those with 50 or more full-time equivalent employees — must offer minimum essential coverage to full-time employees (those working 30+ hours per week) and their dependents, or potentially face penalties. Coverage must be "affordable" (employee premium for self-only coverage cannot exceed 9.02% of household income in 2025) and provide "minimum value" (plan must pay at least 60% of covered costs).
ALEs must also file annual information returns with the IRS (Forms 1094-C and 1095-C) reporting the health coverage offered to employees.
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